• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL9300436A
    申请号:NL9300436
    申请日:1993-03-11
    公开日:1998-01-05
    发明作者:Gunnar Becker；Alwin Guedesen；Karl-Emil Hansen；Juergen Klemp；Guenter Tummoscheit
    申请人:Atlas Elektronik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method for detecting and classifying noise sources, in particular vehicles.
    The invention relates to a method for detecting and classifying sound sources, in particular of vehicles, using geophones arranged in the ground to receive the sound waves released by a sound source, coupling in the ground, one containing the geophone measured reception level with at least one reference level adapted to the ground conditions at the geophone release site is compared for overshoot, and the seismic expansion rate at the geophone release site is measured as a measure of the soil condition for the adjustment,
    In such a known method (DE 38 40 732 A1), which is used in a caterpillar-engaging Weck device for activating armor-breaking, stationary landmines, the tracked vehicle is detected in that the geophone's reception level rises above a preset reference level. Since the reference level is chosen so that it cannot be exceeded by the reception level generated by the lighter wheeled vehicles, a classification of the detected vehicle as a tracked vehicle is coupled with it. Due to the dependence of the geophone's reception level relative to the soil conditions at the release site, the reference level should be adapted, i.e. adjusted, to the soil conditions. A measure of the soil condition in question is the seismic expansion velocity measured at the application site. This can be determined as a cross-correlation function of the output signals of the geophone and a second geophone arranged at a known distance from it. However, it has been found that despite this reference level adaptation by means of the seismic propagation velocity of the soil sound waves measured at the application site, the feasible detection probability and the degree of false alarm are still unsatisfactory, in particular if the method is desired extend to detection and classification of different vehicles, such as wheel and track vehicles of different construction types.
    The object of the invention is to improve the adaptation of the reference mirror to the conditions of the geophone release site in a method of the type mentioned in the preamble, in such a way that the reliability and accuracy of the detection and classification are substantially improved.
    This problem is solved in a method for detecting and classifying sound sources of the type defined in the preamble according to the invention in that the wave type (P or Rayleigh wave) of the bottom sound wave received by the geophones is determined and as a further parameter in the adjustment of the reference level is used.
    The method according to the invention makes use of the insight that the reception level of the geophone is influenced even more than hitherto, by the wave type of the soil sound waves which preferably forms at the formation site on the basis of the soil conditions. As is known, bottom sound waves expand as longitudinal waves (P waves), transverse waves (S waves) or surface waves (Rayleigh waves). According to the method of the invention, the wave type is now determined and with this parameter the reference level adapted on the basis of the measured seismic expansion speed is modified.
    In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention for waveforms producing a significant reception level, characteristics are measured and stored as seismic extension models, which relate the dependence of the geophone output level to a defined velocity of the geophone, e.g. 1 cm / sec. , relative to the seismic expansion rate. With the measured seismic expansion rate at the geophone application site, an extension adaptation value belonging to the particular wave type is now deprived of a level adaptation value by which the proposed reference level is varied in order to optimally adapt the detection and classification threshold to the soil conditions at the output site. . The P and Rayleigh waves have emerged as significant wave types, while the S wave, on the other hand, has a less significant significance.
    Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are stated in the further claims.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in order to determine the wave type of the bottom sound determining the extension location, two geophones are directed at the delivery site in such a way that the receiving direction of one geophone is approximately vertical and that of the second geophone at a right angle. relative to that. The phase difference existing between the output signals of the two geophones gives results about the wave type of the received bottom sound wave. If the two output signals are in phase or in reverse phase, it is a P wave, if between the output signals there is a phase difference of approx. 90 ° or 270 *, the bottom sound wave is a Rayleight wave.
    If one wishes to detect sound waves moving on a predetermined roadway, it is advantageous for improving the reception level to additionally direct the second geophone so that its direction of reception is parallel to the roadway. In addition, the release point for both geophones should be as close to the road as possible.
    The method according to the invention can reliably distinguish wheel and track vehicles in the detection and classification, if - as according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention - an upper and lower reference level is provided, the upper reference level being set in this way, that this is exceeded only by the reception level from tracked vehicles. The lower reference level has been raised so high that it is not exceeded by reception levels from weaker noise sources other than wheeled vehicles, for example pedestrians. By providing intermediate reference levels, light and heavy wheeled vehicles and light and heavy armored vehicles can be recognized.
    The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a block diagram shown in the drawing. In the drawing shows:
    Fig. 1 is a block diagram of function blocks for performing the method of detecting and classifying sound waves, and
    Fig. 2 is a diagram of the relative geophone output level as a function of the seismic expansion rate for P and Rayleigh waves.
    The block diagram shown in Fig. 1 for explaining the method of detecting vehicles as an example for noise sources shows, for a better understanding, separate function blocks, to which the individual method steps from the reception of the soil sound waves released by the vehicle to the indication of the classification result have been granted.
    In particular, two geophones 11 and 12 are present at the extension location indicated by 10 in FIG. Geophones 11 and 12 are buried near the road section, such as a street to be monitored, in the ground so that the direction of reception of geophone 11 is vertical and that of geophone 12 is horizontal and parallel to the road strip (Z- and X axis in Fig. 1). At a predetermined distance d from the first geophone 11, a third geophone 13 with vertical reception direction is also buried in the ground. The digging depth of the geophones 11 to 13 is small, so that they are close to the bottom surfaces. Geophones 11 and 12 can be summarized in a container, which is then inserted correspondingly into the ground at the delivery site 10. The output signals of the three geophones 11, 12 and 13 are subjected to signal processing according to the following signal processing and determination method.
    At the output signals of the first and third geophone 11 and 13, the time shift between them is determined and from the known distance d of these geophones 11 and 13 and the determined time shift, the seismic expansion rate c of the bottom sound at the extension location 10 is determined (block 14 for the determination of the speed of sound).
    The time shift can be obtained, for example, by forming the cross-correlation function of the two output signals, as described in DE 38 40 732 A1. The velocity value c is then obtained by dividing the distance d between the geophones 11 and 13 by the determined time shift. To obtain an improved seismic extension velocity estimation value, multiple measurements are taken and the measured value averaged (block 15 for averaging the velocity values).
    At the two output signals of the first and second geophone 11 and 12, the phase difference between these output signals is determined (block 16 for the phase difference determination) and from the phase difference the wave type of the bottom sound predominant at the extension location 10, which determines the reception level at the affects geophones 11 and 12 (block 17 for determining the sound wave type). If the output signals of geophones 11 and 12 are in phase or in reverse phase (phase difference about 0 ° or 180 °), it is decided to use longitudinal or P waves. If the phase difference is about 90 * or 270 *, the bottom sound wave predominant at the molding site 10 is determined as surface or Rayleigh wave.
    In a memory 18 (block "seismic extension model"), for the wave type or wave type "P wave" and for the wave type "Rayleigh wave" each has a characteristic storing the dependence of the geophone output level with respect to a reference threshold of the indicates the geophone of the seismic expansion rate. These characteristics, determined by a number of measurements, for the two wave types mentioned are shown in Fig. 2. It can be clearly seen that the relative output level of the geophone when the sound waves released by the sound source as Rayleigh waves is extended is much and much greater than in the case of the bottom sound waves extending as P waves from the same sound source. On the basis of the wave type determined, as described above, which is preferably formed at the delivery site 10, the seismic extension model of Fig. 2 searches for the relevant characteristic and uses it as shown in the mean seismic sound velocity c described above and a so-called adaptation level Pa (taken).
    From the output signals of one of the geophone 11 or 12, here geophone 11, the peak value of the reception level measured by the geophone is detected (block 19 for determining the reception level Pmax) · The reception level P is used for the detection and classification of wheel and max tracked vehicles compared to two reference levels Pref (block 20 for classification), which are determined so that the upper reference level Pref is exceeded only by such reception levels pmax / coming from tracked vehicles, and the lower reference level Pref also by such reception levels Pmax # that come from wheeled vehicles.
    In a memory block 21 (block "class-specific reference level"), standard reference levels for these vehicles are stored for a predetermined norm-soil condition. In order to obtain the aforementioned reference levels preff that are optimally adapted to the special soil conditions at the application site 10, each of the standard reference levels is corrected with the adaptation level pa (japt (derived from block 18 or fig. 2) derived from the seismic extension model). block 22 for correction) If the reception level Pmax of the geophone 11 exceeds the lower and upper reference levels Pref; thus obtained, a decision is made on the wheeled vehicle This classification result is displayed (block 23 "indication").
    A more refined classification can be carried out than if two further reference levels Pref are introduced, which are characteristic for distinguishing between light and heavy tracked vehicles or wheeled vehicles, so that a total of four stepped ascending reference levels Pref are specified, with which the reception level Pmax of the geophone 11 is compared. Also these four reference levels Pref are the correction result of four corresponding standard reference levels, which are stored in the memory block 21 and are corrected with the adaptation level Pa (japt
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    Method for detecting and classifying sound sources, in particular vehicles, using geophones arranged in the ground to receive the sound waves released by a sound source in coupling into the ground, whereby a reception level measured with the geophone at least one reference level adapted to the ground conditions at the geophone release site is compared for overshoot, and the seismic expansion rate at the geophone release site is measured as a measure of the soil condition for adaptation, characterized in that the wave type (P or Rayleigh wave) of the Soil sound wave received by the geophones (11,12) is determined and is used as a further parameter when adjusting the reference level (pref>.
    [2]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for significant wave types (P and Rayleigh wave) of the bottom sound waves, each a characteristic of the dependence of the geophone output level relative to a geophone reference droproel of the seismic propagation speed of the bottom sound waves is determined and as seismic expansion model is stored, and that with the measured seismic expansion speed and the determined wave type, a corresponding adaptation level (pa (japt) is taken from the assigned expansion model and the reference level (pref) is corrected therewith.
    [3]
    Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of reference levels (pref) are provided such that the upper reference level is exceeded only by such reception levels (pmax) to the geophone caused by tracked vehicles, and lower reference level is already exceeded by reception levels (pmax) caused by wheeled vehicles.
    [4]
    Method according to claim 3, characterized in that two further reference levels (P ^) situated between the upper and lower reference level are provided for separating light and heavy wheel and track vehicles.
    [5]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a first geophone (11) with vertical reception direction and a second geophone (12) with a perpendicular reception direction are arranged at the delivery location (10), and that from the phase difference of the two geophone output signals is decided on the wave type of the received sound waves.
    [6]
    Method according to claim 5, characterized in that with a phase difference of about 90 * or 270 * on a first wave (Rayleigh wave) and with a phase difference of about 0 ° or 180 'on a second wave (P wave) is decided as the decisive extension type of the soil sound waves at the application site (10).
    [7]
    Method according to claim 5 or 6, for sound waves moving on a predetermined trajectory, characterized in that the geophones (11, 12) release location (10) is as close as possible to the trajectory and the direction of reception of the second geophone (12) at the delivery site (10) is parallel to the track.
    [8]
    Method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a third geophone (13) is arranged in the soil at a predetermined distance (d) from the geophone delivery site (10) with vertical reception direction and that the seismic expansion speed (c) at the output site (10) is determined from the time shift of the outputs of the first and third geophone (11, 13), and the known geophone distance (d). EXTRACT- In a method for detecting and classifying sound sources, especially vehicles, using geophones mounted in the ground to receive sound signals released by the sound sources, coupling in the ground, a reception level decreased at the geophone output with at least one reference level compared to exceedance. In order to optimally adapt the reference level to the special bottom position of the geophonic release site, in addition to the measurement of the seismic expansion velocity at the release site, the preferred wave type at the release site of the soil noise released by the sound sources is determined. From the received characteristics of the reception level as a function of the seismic expansion velocity for the different wave types in a standard bottom, an adaptation level for the measured seismic expansion velocity is taken and the reference level is corrected therewith.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE4212072A1|1997-09-25|
    FR2749403A1|1997-12-05|
    NL194516B|2002-02-01|
    GB9303313D0|2001-03-07|
    IT1276036B1|1997-10-24|
    ITMI930694D0|1993-04-07|
    GB2355527A|2001-04-25|
    GB2355527B|2001-08-15|
    ITMI930694A1|1994-10-07|
    FR2749403B1|1999-12-31|
    DE4212072C2|2002-09-26|
    NL194516C|2002-06-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1605330A|1973-06-08|1991-06-19|Secr Defence|Detecting and differentiating vehicles|
    DE3204874C2|1982-02-11|1994-07-14|Atlas Elektronik Gmbh|Passive method for obtaining target data from a sound source|
    US4604738A|1982-02-22|1986-08-05|Honeywell Inc.|Method and apparatus for classification of a moving terrestrial vehicle as light or heavy|
    US4661939A|1985-09-03|1987-04-28|Honeywell Inc.|Light vehicle range discriminator|
    DE3840732A1|1988-12-02|1990-06-07|Krupp Atlas Elektronik Gmbh|WAKE-UP DEVICE RESPECTING CHAIN VEHICLES|
    法律状态:
    2011-10-19| V1| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20111001 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE19924212072|DE4212072C2|1992-04-10|1992-04-10|Method for detecting and classifying sound sources, in particular vehicles|
    DE4212072|1992-04-10|
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